Foundries and independent metallics buyers
The layer below the mills, buying pig iron and metallics on shorter cycles and in smaller lots. Individually small, collectively large, and rarely worked by a sales motion built for mill scale offtake. Many are family held, which shortens the decision chain considerably.
Who signs: the purchasing manager, the technical or metallurgical director, the plant manager, and at family held groups the owner.
Several thousand plants
European foundries, counted by plant in trade association data rather than by owning company, so the true number of buying entities is lower than the plant count